The Canadian government has strongly condemned the execution of four Canadian citizens in China earlier this year, following what Beijing claims were drug-related crimes. Foreign Affairs Minister Mélanie Joly confirmed the number of executions to reporters in Ottawa on Wednesday.
“There are four Canadians that have been executed,” Joly said. “We strongly condemn what happened, and of course, our hearts and minds are with the families.” She confirmed that all four individuals were dual Canadian-Chinese citizens but withheld further details in order to respect the families’ request for privacy.
Canada’s Efforts for Clemency
Joly stated that both she and former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau had personally appealed to the Chinese government, urging leniency for the Canadians. In her recent communication with Canadian officials in China, she offered support to the families of the victims.
“We will continue to engage with China and ask for leniency for other Canadians facing a similar situation,” Joly affirmed.
Global Affairs Canada had previously declined to confirm how many Canadians had been executed, or when the executions occurred. In a statement, spokesperson Charlotte MacLeod reiterated Canada’s strong opposition to the death penalty: “Canada strongly condemns China’s use of the death penalty, which is irreversible and inconsistent with basic human dignity.”
China Defends Execution Policy
The Chinese Embassy in Canada defended its use of the death penalty, emphasizing its “zero tolerance” policy on drug-related crimes. In a statement, the embassy stated that “China always imposes severe penalties on drug-related crimes” and maintained that the evidence against the Canadians was “solid and sufficient.”
It further urged Canada to “respect the rule of law and China’s judicial sovereignty” and to stop making what it referred to as “irresponsible remarks.”
While the Chinese government did not reveal the specifics of the crimes the Canadians were accused of, Joly confirmed the individuals were charged with “criminal activities, according to China, linked to drugs.”
Robert Schellenberg Not Among the Executed
The executions were first reported by the Globe and Mail, which later confirmed that Robert Schellenberg, a Canadian currently imprisoned in China, was not one of the four individuals put to death. Schellenberg, who was sentenced to death for drug smuggling in 2019, remains in Chinese custody.
“Canada continues to advocate for clemency for Robert Schellenberg and provides consular assistance to him and his family,” said MacLeod.
The Bigger Picture: Canada’s Deteriorating Relationship with China
The executions come amidst strained relations between Canada and China. Diplomatic tensions worsened in recent years, particularly after the 2018 detention of Huawei CFO Meng Wanzhou in Canada, which led to the detention of two Canadians, Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, in China.
While both Kovrig and Spavor were released in 2021, other issues have kept relations tense, including Canada’s tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles and related components, which China retaliated against.
Guy Saint-Jacques, a former Canadian ambassador to China, remarked that despite efforts to appeal for clemency in the past, China has shown little willingness to show leniency in such cases. He noted that “Our interventions at best delayed the execution maybe by one year.”
China’s Death Penalty Practices Under Scrutiny
China remains the world leader in executions, carrying out more than any other country combined, according to Amnesty International. The exact number of executions is not publicly disclosed, as it is considered a state secret. However, estimates suggest that over 1,000 executions were carried out in 2022 alone.
Amnesty International’s Secretary-General, Ketty Nivyabandi, condemned the executions, calling them “shocking and inhumane” and urging Canada to take stronger actions against China.
“This should be a wake-up call for Canada,” she stated.
Challenges and Diplomatic Struggles
Saint-Jacques noted that despite Canada’s repeated appeals, China has shown little willingness to negotiate or offer clemency in drug-related cases. He suggested that current diplomatic tensions might not improve anytime soon, given the state of relations and the recent policies that have emerged.
“I don’t foresee a significant improvement given these signals that we’re getting from China,” said Vina Nadjibulla, vice-president of research and strategy at the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada.
As the global situation unfolds, Canadian officials are warning citizens of the risks involved in traveling to China, particularly in cases related to drug trafficking. “The message that we have to reinforce with Canadians is, if you travel to China, you better not engage in drug trafficking,” said Saint-Jacques.